Earth, Moon, and the Sun

Mansi says we have day and night because the Earth goes around the Sun once every day. Raghav says that's not it — one trip around the Sun takes the Earth a whole year; day and night come from a different motion of the Earth. Who is right?

On her way to school one morning, Yashika spots a pale Moon in the blue sky. She says this is normal — the Moon is often up during the day. Her friend Bhoomi says it can't be the Moon, because the Moon only comes out at night; it must be a faint cloud. Who has it right?

Chhavi says the Moon seems to change shape through the month because, as it travels around the Earth, we see more or less of its sunlit half. Bilal says the changing shape is really the Earth's shadow falling on the Moon, covering a little more of it each night until it disappears. Whose explanation is correct?

During a partial solar eclipse, Hrithik says it is safe to look straight at the Sun, because the Moon is covering most of it and it isn't as bright as usual — dark sunglasses will be enough. Siddhi says they must never look directly at the Sun, not even with sunglasses, and should watch it through a proper solar eclipse viewer or as a pinhole image on paper instead. Whose plan should they follow?

Pihu learns that a lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon. She argues that this happens at every full moon, so there should be a lunar eclipse every month. Arnav says the Moon's path is slightly tilted, so at most full moons it passes just above or just below the Earth's shadow. Whose reasoning holds up?

Rajat says we always see the same face of the Moon because the Moon spins exactly once on its axis for each trip it makes around the Earth. Paro says that proves the opposite: if we always see the same face, the Moon cannot be spinning at all. Who has understood the Moon's motion?